Reader survey:

There’s an element of stereotyping going on in today’s excerpt from the frontier era…

Really just a short research note here.

The excellent Grand Ronde Tribes 2012 dictionary of Chinuk Wawa has libárədu for a ‘shingle’. With 4 syllables.

Sort of un-translated, in fairly decent Chinuk Wawa with a couple “new” English words, here’s another Chinook version of “Mary Had a Little Lamb”:

The Walla Walla area in the southeast part of interior Washington still spoke plenty of Chinook Jargon in the middle of the frontier era.

“Clams”, from the English plural, was incontestably a Chinuk Wawa word.

Containing at least seeming new discovery, here’s the last of the vocabulary-listing pages in Father Honoré-Timothée Lempfrit’s little-known document; next up will be some texts!

I figure, given the racialized nature of today’s Pacific Northwest folklore poetry, that a “bussle (bustle) of hops” might have a double meaning:

Before the end of the frontier era, an Oregon newspaper viciously skewered its enemies wherever they might be.