qʰá-mún: Discovering another BC ‘when’

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In my PhD dissertation on Kamloops Chinuk Wawa, on page 134 I noted the rarity of words for ‘when?’.

The reciprocal pronoun ‘each other’

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One of the many corners of Chinuk Wawa grammar that’s been neglected…

1910: Tyee Yum-te-bee memaloose

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Hemene Kawan or Old Wolf (the Settler writer Lucullus V. McWhorter, I infer) used Chinuk Wawa in a good newspaper obituary that he wrote of a Yakama Nation chief.

1884 Sacramento CPE: Mackey’s Chinese hop-pickers, & talking about Black lives in pidgins

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Definitely offensive now, and definitely useful data.

1896: Ditter Bros. ad

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Chinuk Wawa used in yet another advertisement:

Métis grammar? (NEITHER) this (AND/(N)OR) that)

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Symbolic logic was never my fortissimo 🙂

1915: Jimmy Puts It Over

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A post-frontier politician is anxious over his assignment to read a written Chinuk Wawa speech in public.

1870: “Bombardment of Wrangel”

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A frontier-era report on a major episode in early US-Alaskan history shows that Chinuk Wawa was already present when the Russians left.

1907: Jackson’s Cloochman

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A post-frontier popular magazine with more than the usual number of female writers was among the first to oberve that “cloochman” is a slur.

1899: Red Men’s Day at the Spokane Fair

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It was after “the closing of the frontier”, but Red Men’s Day at the Spokane Fair brought out the editor’s untranslated Chinuk Wawa for knowledgeable news readers’ benefit: